Cal by Bernard Mac Laverty - Critical Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Cal by Bernard Mac Laverty Critical Evaluation Essay Cal is a romantic-tragedy novel written by the Irish author, Bernard Mac Laverty. It is a fiction story about a young man living in Northern Ireland during the troubles of the 1970s. The writer conveys a number of significant themes through skilful writing and the novels plot, such as guilt, hypocrisy and bigotry. In this essay, I will be focusing on the themes of the story, the purpose of why the novel was written and the authors use of imagery to enhance his writing. The events of this story take place in Northern Ireland in the 1970s. During the period of time in which this story is set in, Northern Ireland was going through what we would now refer to as being The Troubles. This was a period of conflict involving republican and loyalist paramilitary organisations and included conflicts and violence. Cal is about a young adult named Cal who is living in Northeren Ireland at this time. He is a Catholic living in a Protestant area with his father, Shamie. This leads to him being the victom of many bigotry driven attacks, such as his house being burnt down and to him being insulted on his own street. He starts to fall in love with a woman named Marcella, which, from the very beginning, is a doomed relationship. This is because a year earlier Cal was reluctantly involved in the murder of a Protestant policeman, who was, in fact, Marcellas husband. Cal becomes closer and closer to Marcella as the novel goes on, and you find out more about the murder as the plot develops. He then lands himself a job at Mrs. Mortons farm, the mother of Marcellas husband, Robert. This brings him even closer to Marcella and they start to have a relationship with each other. This relationship becomes even more intense when Cal is offered to stay in Mrs. Mortons outhouse (as his house had been burnt down). He is then arrested at the end of the novel, for the murder of Robert. The ending of the story was very skilfully done. Near the end of the story, Mac Laverty builds up massive tension through certain events in the plot. It is then all concluded in a small, yet effective, paragraph. It tells us enough information to feel satifsfied, yet wanting to know more. It leaves key questions in the readers mind such as whether he deserved it or not and what will be his fate. I believe that the plot is a very important aspect of the story as it develops the mood and atmosphere and it is the events which take place which allow the themes to be conveyed. All the characters in Cal have complicated lifes. Most of them have good and bad sides and are all affected in different ways by the troubles. Cal is nineteen years old. He lives with his father and he is a Catholic. He is caught up with the IRA (Irish Republican Party) and takes part in a number of crimes which he does not want to be part of. After he joined, he had to do what they asked, such as when Cal thinks of the things the IRA do: They shoot deserters even deserters who protested that they had never joined in the first place. This quotation shows that Cal is scared of Crilly and Skeffington (members of the IRA) and that he is in danger. It also shows that Cal never wanted to take part in the violence making it sound stupid that they would shoot him. This whole section shows that Cal is vunerable. The writer makes out that Robert is a hard working loving man throughout the story. For example, when Marcella is telling Cal about her husband: He was so plausible one of those people that everybody likes in company. This quote shows that Robert was popular and was a worthy man, and there is also evidence showing that he was witty and intelligent. However, we later find out that he was not all what he was meant to have been, as Marcella confesses to Cal: He told lies, Cal. All the time. About his affairs I know he had two or three at least about his drinking and the money he spent This is an example of how the characters have both good and bad characteristics. Despite this, Marcella still loved him and was distraught when he was murdered. This also makes the characters more realistic, which lets the reader relate to the different characters in Cal. It also creates the question of who was too blame for The Troubles which relates to the theme and purpose of the novel, which I will be discussing later in this essay. All of the characters are affected by the troubles as well, as most of their problems are due to that situation. For example, if it was not for the troubles, then Cal would not have been involved with the IRA and Robert wouldnt have been murdered, taking problems out of all of the characters lives. All of the characters features reflect the themes, such as Cals characteristic of being vunerable, leading to his self loathing and guilt. There are many themes in the novel Cal. One of these themes that I will be focusing on is the theme of hypocrisy. Hypocrisy means the pretence of possessing virtues, beliefs or qualities that one does not really have, especially in matters of religion or morality. One way in which the author displays this theme is via specific characters, such as Crilly. Crilly is part of a gang who are fighting for independence from Great Britain. For example, when Skeffington is talking about Crilly: There are not many aspects of our culture which interests Mr Crilly. But hes a useful man. This quote shows that Crilly does not care about Irish independence and culture but is only in the gang as he likes the thrill of violence. It also shows that the IRA are not offended about his beliefs but just want him to help with their struggle. This shows them being hypocritical as they kill people who do not believe or reject their views, but someone who does not care about Irish independence can help with the violence. Another way in which hypocrisy is showing is through thoughts of characters and their dialogue. This is taking from a part where Dunlop (Cals Protestant employer) is talking to Cal about the situation in Northern Ireland: Would you do the same to the Loyalist prisoners every time a Catholic was murdered? Dunlop thinks that for any Protestant policeman who is murdered by a Catholic, two Catholics should be shot. This quotes shows that Dunlop is a hypocrite as he would shoot two Catholics every time a Protestant policeman was murdered but not if it was the other way around. This also shows that Dunlop is a bigot, which ties in with my next theme, bigotry. A bigot is a person who is obstinately or intolerantly devoted to their own religion, or opinion. Bigotry is the main cause of fear and violence in the story. One night, Cal and his father receive a note stating: GET OUT YOU FENYAN SCUM OR WELL BURN YOU OUT. THIS IS YOUR 2ND WARNING, THERE WILL BE NO OTHER UVF This clearly diplays pure bigotry. Cal and his father are being threatened to leave their home of many years, just because of their religion. This quote also shows how ignorant the UVF are, as they have spelt fenyan wrongly. This leads to Cal and his father being fearful, for example: Shamie was putting the gun beneath his pillow and climbing into bed This shows that Cals father has to keep a weapon underneath his pillow as there is a constant threat of violence. Another theme which has been cleverly developed is the theme of guilt. Cal feels guilty about his involvement in the killing of Robert, which leads to his self-loathing. At the start of the novel, the writer makes this very obvious: Merde. Crotte de chein. Merderer. Cal hates himself so much, that he makes up words to describe himself. The word merderer has a possible two meanings; it shows that he is guilty and secondly it shows his self loathing. As he becomes more and more involved with Marcella, his guilt increases: Now that he felt safe from the world outside he was being attacked from within his own head This quote is taken from the section where he is living and working with Marcella. It shows that guilt is eating him up and is destroying him and his life. The author also uses writing techniques to convey the theme of guilt: It was as if idleness had allowed dirt to accumulate on his [Cal] soul, to clog his mind, and work moved him through it untouched Mac Laverty uses this metaphor to show how Cal was brooding over Mortons death and his involvement. It also shows that he thinks that he deserves to go to hell for what he has done. When Marcella tells Cal about what Robert was really like, it complicates his guilt as he now knows that Robert sometimes brought misery to Marcella, and maybe it was good that Robert was murdered. All of these themes show the writers purpose in writing. He shows bad and good sides to both Protestant and Catholic organisations, leading to us to wonder which is the good side in the novel. The story also shows us how difficult and violent Northern Ireland was at that time in history, and how deeply everybody was affected. To an extent, the way the author writes also shows aspects of him being a bit ashamed of his country, due to the negative details and feelings he writes about. Mac Laverty uses a range of techniques to create the mood and atmosphere in the novel. One of these techniques, is his use of imagery. The story starts with this mood with the author describing the scenes taking place in an abattoir: It was immediately winched up by one of the hind shanks and its throat cut The author uses a lot of violence and blood imagery at the start of the novel to set the tone of the book. Other evidence which shows this use of evidence is that there are a lot of deaths and murders mentioned in the novel. An example of this is when Cal and his father are watching the news and the author describes the events that had happened, which were mainly murders and violence, in a way which seemed to be normal. Death permeates the novel as does religion. There are often references to the Bible and to religious symbols throughout the novel. Symbolism is another technique that Mac Laverty uses. There is also symbolism to certain fairytales, such as when Marcella is talking to Cal about her daughter, Lucy: Lucys favourite story at the minute is Repunzel This is significant as Marcella feels like she is trapped because she tries to do the right thing. The plot has been structured in a sophisticated way. The story has two climaxes: one in the middle and the other at the end. The first one occurs when the writer tells you about the death of Robert. This is significant as there is a huge tension built up before you find out. The author does this via short clues which are spread out throughout the novel and short sentences. The second climax is done in a similar way, but the paragraph in which it concludes, is quick and snappy and tells of only the most significant point, which is Cal being arrested. The dialogue of the novel is very realistic. The author does this by using Irish forms of slang, such as da instead of dad, and explicit language. The writer also uses great techniques to enhance his writing: His sin clawed at him, demanding attention The writer personifies the idea of the sin, describing the feeling of it clawing, to give the idea of Cals guilt and how is is destroying him and is eating him up. The verb clawing is associated with violence and adds to the imagery that the author uses to enhance his novel and to create the atmosphere. I thoroughly enjoyed reading Cal. It made me realise how lives can be ruined due to situations which do not even involve them. The themes of the novel also made me more aware about some peoples views and how they can sometimes be full of violence and hatred. It showed me what life was like in Ireland in those days and how we have to try to avoid anything so destructive from happening again.

Leave Your Disabilities on Shore! :: College Admissions Essays

Leave Your Disabilities on Shore! A 24-foot Rainbow glides across the sparkling waters of Lake George. As it gradually passes another boat, smiles are exchanged. The crew of the passed boat doesn't notice anything out of the ordinary about the other's crew, but something is different. The sailors are disabled. How can disabled people sail? Just how actively do they participate? Aren't they scared? The Y-Knot sailing program began as an informal group in 1996 and in 1997 grew into an organized program, running sailing clinics all summer long. Y-Knot, which has been run at Lake George's Camp Chingachgook, has given over 100 disabled individuals the chance to sail. The people who participate in the sailing clinics are for the most part physically disabled adults; however, those who do not fit this category are invited to participate, and friends and family are always welcome. The program is organized and run by a board of participants, who work hard to ensure safety and to expand what they believe to be a truly wonderful opportunity for disabled people. To begin with, the sailors are offered "Sailing 101," a course explaining how to operate the craft and the basic aerodynamic and hydrodynamic principles of the sport. Next, and most importantly, safety is ensured. Every sailor wears a life jacket, and adaptive pieces of equipment, such as seat straps and rudder extensions, provide the necessary accommodations. If a person needs help boarding the boat, assistants are available to lift people out of their wheelchairs or simply lend a helping hand. The boat the group is about to board has special safety features: a weighted keel so the boat won't tip, and an outboard motor with enough fuel to safely return to shore, should the unlikely need arise. In addition, ship-to-shore communication is expected to be added this year. These extra safety features help calm the frightened first-time sailor who had likely not expected to ever try the sport. Most importantly, the changes to the boat cannot be noticed by passers-by, so the Y-Knot sailors have fun and normal experiences. Once the sailors are informed and secure aboard, they head out to sea with an experienced instructor. The instructor encourages the sailors to do as they please. Some sailors choose to sit back, relax, and enjoy the refreshing lake breeze blowing against their faces.

Tcs Environmental Policy

Environmental Policy of TCS Commitment to the environment stems from the Tata Group’s abiding concern for the environment and society, which is embodied in the Tata Code of Conduct. The Tata Group considers climate change to be the greatest threat affecting economic stability, vulnerable communities and the society at large. The Tata Group’s Climate Change Policy mandates that all group companies assume leadership roles in climate change mitigation in the pursuit of business aspirations and enhancement of shareholder value.In the business of providing IT services, business solutions and outsourcing. Our environmental impacts result from our business operations globally and through the services and solutions that we provide our customers with. True to the Tata spirit, TCS regards climate change mitigation and environmental improvement as essential features of its sustainable business philosophy.We are committed to continuously benchmarking and enhancing our own environme ntal performance through the reduction of our carbon and ecological footprints with the involvement of our business associates and partners, thereby  striving to be leaders in our industry sector. Through our services and solutions, we endeavor to help customers improve their environmental performance toward their sustainability objectives.Aim to fulfill  our environmental commitments through the following broad-level actions: * Integrate energy and environmental considerations in the design of new infrastructural facilities * Improve resource efficiency in operations, especially for key resources such as energy and water * Adopt the â€Å"3-R† (reduce, reuse and recycle) philosophy for all types of wastes toward prevention of pollution and dispose of â€Å"inevitable† wastes, especially electronic waste, in line with regulatory requirements or industry best practices * Promote â€Å"green procurement† to the maximum extent possible * Consider stakeholder ex pectations on our environmental performance in the design of infrastructure, operations, processes and solutions to the extent feasible *Set, monitor and review objectives and targets on an ongoing basis toward achieving continuous improvement in environmental performance and the overall environmental management system * Remain committed to complying with all the applicable environmental and related legal and other requirements and, wherever feasible, enhance the prescribed standards in all the countries that we perate out of * Continue public reporting of our environmental performance and our contribution to climate change-related issues through relevant national and international forums and to other stakeholders through appropriate communication channels * Communicate the environmental policy to all employees, business associates and other stakeholders and ensure that the policy is available to the public *Review the environmental policy and allied management systems periodically to ensure their continuing applicability and relevance to our operations and evolving stakeholder expectations * Strive to support various voluntary national and international protocols, conventions and agreements on environment protection and proactively engage with governmental and other agencies in driving future environmental policy and regulation At TCS, concern for the environment is integral to our business strategy toward sustainability, and we shall strive to fulfill all our environmental obligations and commitments toward being responsible global corporate citizens.TCS embodies the Tata group’s philosophy of building strong sustainable businesses that are firmly rooted in the community and demonstrate care for the environment. The elements that make for strong corporate sustainability at TCS include the following: * A fair, transparent and value-driven corporate governance * A strong strategy for longer-term business growth * Best-in-class HR processes * Initiatives for community betterment * Our stewardship of the environment Green Procurement PolicyAs a part of  the ongoing commitment to improve the environment, this policy seeks to reduce the environment impacts of our operations and promote sustainable development by the integration of environment performance considerations in the procurement process. committed  to the  integration of environment performance considerations in the procurement process including planning, acquisition, use and disposal. TCS is committed to considering the environmental aspects, potential impacts  and costs, associated with the life cycle assessment of goods and services being acquired. This calls for conscious efforts across TCS in the following areas: 1.Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: TCS is committed to reducing resource consumption and minimizing waste while considering the life-cycle costs of products. We seek to implement the hierarchy of preference to reduce, reuse and recycle resources throughout the procurement activity. 2. Buy Recycled: We are committed to buying recycled/part-recycled products to optimize consumption and stimulate demand for recycled products, promoting the collection and reprocessing of waste and working toward zero discharge to the landfill. 3. â€Å"Green† the Supply Chain: We hope to maximize the benefits by encouraging  our supplier/vendors to adopt TCS' environment practices.We endeavor to undertake procurement activities with suppliers who share TCS' values. We will actively promote the green procurement policy  throughout  our supply chain to ensure selection  that has minimum environmental impact. Green Procurement Green procurement or environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) is the practice of procuring products and services that are less harmful to the environment (land, air and water) and all species including humans that depend on environment for survival. Green products are those that are made with less harmful materials or wh ich when produced or  used/consumed would have a minimal impact  on the environment.Listed below are a few ways through which we aim to integrate the green procurement policy with the TCS environment policy. 1. TCS shall encourage and prefer eco-friendly products, which are more power efficient. 2. TCS shall prefer to purchase from a source  that is less polluting or uses clean technology. 3. TCS shall encourage and prefer vendors who use recycled packaging material. The possibilities of further reuse and/or recycling shall be explored with the user or the administration department. 4. For software products, as far as possible and to the extent feasible, the preferred mode of delivery shall be through the electronic method (download). A server is proposed to be deployed  that would host the most commonly required software.Instead of burning CDs, secured access would be made available to the respective project team to download the product from this common server. 5. The IPD  shall make efforts to recycle material from old sites to the practically possible extent. Focus Areas * Promoting procurement from Energy Star Partners * Procurement of low-energy consumption desktop configuration * Procurement of laser printers with GREEN functionality * Procurement of servers with low voltage CPUs and low-wattage storages * Procurement of server racks with efficient cooling systems * Eco-friendly procurement considerations for infrastructure and development * Eco-friendly procurement considerations for consumables   WASTE REDUCTION POLICYAt TCS, they are committed to reducing the environmental impact of  our operations through appropriate ongoing material management. This calls for a conscious effort across TCS in the following areas: Reduction of waste at source:  All delivery centers and offices must manage operations to reduce the quantity or toxicity of waste produced. Such measures include, but are not limited to the following: * Printing reports and documents, whenever possible, on both sides of the paper * Updating mailing and distribution lists periodically to avoid overrun; use of e-mail whenever appropriate * Giving preferential purchasing consideration to products that are reusable, refillable, repairable, more durable, less toxic, recyclable and which avoid excess packaging.Reuse of material wherever possible:  All products and materials must be reused wherever possible. * Recycling:  It is the responsibility of every associate to separate identified recyclable materials and place them in appropriate recycling containers. Office paper, corrugated cardboard and aluminum beverage cans must always be recycled in the appropriately marked container. Other materials are to be recycled whenever feasible and wherever containers are provided. Reuse is preferable to recycling. * Purchasing products with recycled content:  All offices across TCS must purchase and use products manufactured from recycled materials whenever feasi ble. In particular, recycled paper products must be used.It is important that all recycled purchases be reported to the Admin/Purchase Department across TCS for record keeping and reporting purposes In addition to the specific efforts mentioned above, all delivery centers and offices are encouraged to designate one associate as a Recycling Monitor who will serve as liaison to Head – Health Safety Environment. TCS E-Waste Management Policy Tata Consultancy Services, being an IT-centric organization, contributes  majorly to global electronic waste. Reaffirming our commitment to environmental protection, and in accordance with the stringent standards we set ourselves, the eWaste Management Policy reflects our objectives and practices toward this end.

The Communication Barriers Of Deaf People - 972 Words

Our world has changed so much, especially for Deaf people. Less than a century ago, the ability to text and email weren’t available, and communication between Deaf and hearing people seemed much harder. Deaf people became weary of interactions with hearing people, for fear of being scammed or cheated. People who were hearing and knew sign language were sparse. Love Is Never Silent shows the communication barriers and how, for a Deaf couple, they relied on their hearing daughter to be their ears in the world. The story begins with Margaret, a young girl living with her Deaf parents and hearing brother. Her brother dies at a young age, leaving her parents with only their daughter to help them communicate verbally with the hearing world. As Margaret grows up, she notices their distrust and weariness of hearing people and that without her, they don’t have an easy way to communicate. She feels pressure and responsibility to take care of them and to be their ears in the world . Margaret doesn’t like feeling â€Å"different† because of the fact she knows sign and her parents are Deaf, so she doesn’t have many friends and only signs at home. When she meets and marries a hearing man named William, she is torn between helping her parents communicate with hearing people and being with him. Her parents struggle to adjust and accept Margaret’s new life with William, especially when she moves away and they don’t have a translator. Margaret’s parents relied on her for simple interactions.Show MoreRelatedDeaf : A Cultural Identity849 Words   |  4 PagesDeaf Population There are approximately 35 million people with a range of hearing loss in the United States (Hamill Stein, 2001). Roughly half a million deaf people don’t consider their deafness as a disability or medical disorder. They view their deafness from a cultural perspective. They consider themselves a pride in being deaf. Deaf culture has its own social norms, views, values and historical figures and more on identity formation (Hamill Stein, 2001). With a capital â€Å"D’, this is consideredRead MoreChildren With Disabilities Education Act924 Words   |  4 Pagesabout deaf education. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) states, â€Å"all children with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.† It can be really hard to decide whether or not to send a child to a deaf school or mainstream them into general education. This is why it is important to be aware of the legal, social, and academic aspects on mainstream Deaf educationRead MoreDeaf Again By Mark Drolsbaugh1511 Words   |  7 PagesIn Mark Drolsbaugh’s book, Deaf Again, he is able to bring the reader through his life struggles and triumphs as a member of the Deaf community. There were three major themes that reoccurred throughout his life. These themes consist of communication barriers, a negative image on d eafness, and limitations on social experiences. An example of communication barriers starts in the beginning with his birth. From the beginning, he talked about how his parents struggled to communicate with the doctors whenRead MoreStudents Who Are Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing With Autism?1341 Words   |  6 Pagesare Deaf or Hard of Hearing with Autism Spectrum Introduction There is little research done about children who are deaf or hard of hearing that coincides with autism spectrum disorder. Deaf children with autism are rare, but we do not hear very much about them even though deaf children carry an autism diagnosis (1-59) than in the general population (1-91) (Szymanski, 2012). Teachers who are certified in special education often see students with autism, however, when a student who is deaf withRead MoreP3 Explain Factors That May Influence Communication and Interpersonal Interactions in Health and Social Care Environments1140 Words   |  5 PagesTask 3 P3 explain factors that may influence communication and interpersonal interactions in Health and Social Care Environments Section 1 Barriers to communication A barrier blocks and stops something from getting through. There are different types of communication barriers that stop communication from going well. Three types of communication barriers are shown below. Communication is not received- They may not respond to the language needs or preferences. Not understanding sensory impairmentRead MoreThe Everyday Challenges Of A Person Who Is Deaf : At The Workplace Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Everyday Challenges of a person who is Deaf: At the Workplace When it comes to everyday challenges faced by Deaf individuals, many instances come to mind where discrimination can take place, but for the sake of this paper I will be focusing on those instances that occur in the workplace, why they happen, and what can be done to remedy them. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), there are approximately 28 million Americans that have some level of hearing lossRead MoreI Learned At A Young Age Of What A Stereotype Really Means764 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung age of what a stereotype really means. When people look at me or speak with me, they think I am a simple white girl who grew up in the perfect house. I would say I have spent most of my life being sheltered by my mother. My mother is an amazing woman who had high goals in life for my sister and I. My mom was a single mom raising us alone, she never thought she would face a challenge which is having a deaf daughter. People do not realize being deaf is challengin g in so many ways. Every teenagerRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Communication For Different Social Groups And Use Specific Interpersonal Strategy1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of communication necessarily involves â€Å"an exchange of ideas and an ability to stimulate meaning for the recipient of the message†(Grover, 2005). Effective communication can be influenced by varies components such as gender, hierarchy, trust, self-disclosure, empathy, mutuality and context. This paper will discuss the importance for nurses to use effective communication skills in regards to different social groups and use specific interpersonal strategy. Additionally it identifies howRead More Teachers Options Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesTeachers Options There are many options open to teachers of deaf children in a variety of situations. In teaching deaf and hard of hearing children there is such a wide range of children, each with their own abilities. Each child also has a different family situation to take into account. Some children come from deaf families, some they are the only deaf family member, and some have no support from their families because they are deaf. There are also students that have family members that makeRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Deaf Community And Service Providers Working With The Deaf Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesThere has been a growing interest in the field of substance abuse among the deaf community and service providers working with the Deaf. In 1990, Gallaudet University hosted a national conference on Substance Abuse in the Deaf Community, and since then there has been a noticeable increase in sharing information and compiling lists of available resources in the country. The approaches to adv ocating for services vary from community to community. Some are decentralized; others focus on one aspect of

Truck Culture of Pakistan - 3173 Words

1. Truck Culture of Pakistan: Art in any form is joy to the eyes. In Pakistan there is this great art (known as Truck Art) which has captured the imagination of tourists and art lovers from all over the globe. Its not cheap, it’s not easy but a truck owner without a truck art is not acceptable in the Truck Drivers fraternity. 1.1 History of Vehicle Painting in Pakistan The extraordinary tradition of decorating trucks has its roots in the days of the British Raj when craftsmen made glorious horse drawn carriages for the gentry. The 1920s the Kohistan Bus Company asked the master craftsman Ustad Elahi Bakhsh to decorate their buses to attract passengers. Bukhsh employed a company of artists from the Punjab town of Chiniot, whose†¦show more content†¦The most common features are landscapes, womens face, birds, tigers and flowers, but sometimes technological motifs like airports and trains can also be found. Two basic types of paintings can be distinguished in the way the truck sides are done. The first is simple painting, which is basically a picture on each segment on the sides with some additional ornaments. The second type, which leaves no square inch uncovered, is the Disco Painting’. These disco trucks are the real master pieces. Every time you look at them, you discover new images and decorations. But whether â€Å"simple† or â€Å"disco†, the paintings on the sides are never identical, and not only because the name of the owing company is written in Urdu on one side and in Roman on the other. [pic] 1.3 Night view of a Beautiful Truck 6. Motifs: The motifs on the trucks can be categorized in five groups: 1. Idealized elements of life, such as the romanticized village, landscapes or beautiful women. [pic] 1.4 Beautiful scenery painted on a Truck’s back 2. Elements from modern life, such as pictures of political figures or patriotic symbols. FIG:1.5 [pic] 3. Talismanic and fetish objects, such as horns, yak tails and items of clothing. FIG: 1.6 [pic] 4. Talismanically or religiously loaded symbols, such as eyes and fish. [pic] 1.7 Painted Eyes painted on the front top of a Truck 5. Obvious religious symbols and images, such asShow MoreRelated The Culture of Pakistan Essay examples1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Culture of Pakistan I am always fascinated with other peoples cultures. The New York or Californian culture always amazes me although these states are in the United States. These areas of the nation seem very different than Texas. I do not have any friends that have recently moved here from another culture so, I set out to my neighborhood Stop N Go. The clerks at this convenience store are all from other countries. One clerk whom I have talked to many times, named Sohail Shah, always spokeRead MoreBasmati Rice: From Production to Market Essay640 Words   |  3 PagesHaryana, Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Basmati is also grown in a state occupied by both India and Pakistan which is named Punjab. Over 60% of India’s total rice cultivation comes from the state named Haryana which is located in India’s north, just below Punjab, the state occupied by both India and Pakistan. More recently, America has started producing basmati, and exports to s ale points all around the world. Basmati has been produced for thousands ofRead MoreModernization and Dependency Theory1122 Words   |  5 Pagesthis paper discusses Pakistan’s predicament in the light of the principles of the development theory: modernization and dependency theories. Both the theories relate to the implications of development in Third World countries; in this case being Pakistan. For a country to be seen as modern, modernisation theorists say it has to undergo an evolutionary advance in science and technology which in turn would lead to an increased standard of living for all (Maria Keet). On the contrary dependency theoristsRead MoreA Cultural Blockade in Khaled Hosseini ´s The Kite Runner795 Words   |  4 Pagesinvade and the Taliban become the dominant influence in Afghanistan. Amir’s sumptuous lifestyle comes to an end, and the values of not only his father but also his society begin to impact him and he realizes how much he does not belong i n his own culture. Amir is taught the virtues of being a good man, however when the opportunity presents itself to demonstrate his teachings; Amir realizes how different he is from the ways of his father. Baba teaches Amir the ways to become a virtuous man, howeverRead MoreMalala Yousafzai : Fighting For Education Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamental justice that everyone should have, but most times that right is denied. There s many reasons why people, states or countries may not take education seriously. Pakistan is one country that has the most curtailment on education towards women. Malala Yousafazi became a young activist, she stood up for her people in Pakistan to restore the rights of education to women. Her journey began when she was just the age of fifteen; she was shot on her head near the school bus by the Taliban in 2012Read MorePorters Five Forces Analysis of Automotive Industry in Pakistan and Bangladesh1734 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprises) that is engaged in (Vehicle or Electronics Item) manufacturing and selling business in US and Europe. As per Company’s Global Expansion Plan, ALPHA Enterprises desires to expand its business network (Both Manufacturing and Selling) either in Pakistan or Bangladesh. Your Department has been tasked by CEO to conduct a Strategic analysis of Business/Industry for both the countries. Keeping this in mind Q1: Conduct a Strategic Analysis using Michael Porters Five Forces and on the basis of said analysisRead MoreAnalysis Of Sattar Buksh And The Common Wise Man On The Street Who Has A Strong Entitled Opinion On Every1751 Words   |  8 Pages whether we were a political/apolitical. We needed to find our niche. Pakistan being the biggest tea importer of the world and yet all our cafà ©s served only coffee. So we started discussing that there needed to be a cafe that served a cup of tea without making it seem like it was a poor man’s beverage. We aimed to combine the western culture that Pakistan had adopted with Pakistan’s own tea drinking truck art painting culture. 2. Do you think business plans are necessary for entrepreneurship? AbsolutelyRead MoreAuto Industry Analysis in Pakistan8638 Words   |  35 PagesINDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN ITS GROWTH. ITS IMPACTS NEGATIVE AS WELL AS POSITIVE.† Syndicate # 3 Syndicate Adviser: Dr. Shagufta Zareen Members: Muhammad Naeem Arshad Abbasi Ghazala Nasir Romana Alam Naveed Akhtar Khurram Mangi Mahmood Alam Directorate General of Training Research, Federal Board of Revenue, Lahore Outline: ïÆ'Ëœ Introduction ïÆ'Ëœ Literature Review ïÆ'Ëœ Evolution of Automobile Industry with special reference to Pakistan ïÆ'Ëœ Automobile Industry in Pakistan and comparison with the IndianRead MoreThe Indian Pakistan Conflict That Is Affecting Cricket991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Indian-Pakistan conflict that is affecting cricket Issues over beef lynching India visas denial to a group of U.S religious freedom group Photoshopped politics in India What did you learn about India that you think is relevant to this course? (Mention at least 3 separate topics and write a paragraph for each one) The Indian-Pakistan war had started since 1947 and these two countries had been involve in four different wars and many borders conflicts. All these wars had seriously impacted cricketRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Nyc907 Words   |  4 Pagesthe fruit stands on the streets, reminding you that New York City even has choices for everyone even for healthy conscious ones. I lived and liked Brooklyn borough of New York City because it has so many Pakistani people, that it’s called â€Å"Little Pakistan.† There you will find tasty Indo-Pakistani food. Your taste buds will thank you for the spicy aroma, and tenderness of chicken or beef kabobs perfectly done on clay oven called â€Å"tandoor†. Chicken curry, beef curry with freshly clay oven baked Naans

Researh Methods in Sociology - 1055 Words

Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions between which people interact. Sociology ranges frome a wide spectrum of topics, and is nearly unlimited as humans interact with almost everything in some form. Sociologists gather and analyze the evidence about social life to our uincrease our knowledge and understanding of social processes and interactions. The research methods sociologists use are varied and heavily depend on the type of information they are looking to obtain. The term sociological imagination was coined by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the type of insight offered by the discipline of sociology. In this text we see a clear difference between History and Biography Conflict Theory A theory created by Karl Marx that claims society is in a state of constant conflict due to competition for limited amount of resources. Conflict theory says that social order is maintained by control and power, rather than consensus and conformity. That those with wealth and power try to hold on to it at all costs, Usually by suppressing the poor and powerless. Conflict theory also can be seen in most of the fundamental developments in human history, such as democracy and civil rights, to capitalistic attempts to control rather than have a social order. This can be seen in the movie Pleasantville near the end when the Governor of the city trys to maintain the way it use to be where everything was the same, peopleShow MoreRelatedNursing research.5083 Words   |  21 Pages It is clear that the method used for the study was a qualitative approach. Niewswaidomy (1998) postulates that each qualitative method is unique. It should be dependent on the hypothesis or desired outcome of the research. As there is no hypothesis the desired outcomes are looked at instead to see the views of parents and nurses about the involvement of parents in the management of the childs pain during the first 48 hours after surgery. It is highlighted that the method used within the qualitative

History Of Unions And Their Relevance In Todays Australian Society Essay Example For Students

History Of Unions And Their Relevance In Todays Australian Society Essay History Of Unions And Their Relevance In Todays Australian SocietyThe Maritime Union of Australia is at present involved in a dispute with Patrick Stevedoring Company who have rented wharf space to National Farmers Federation who wish to avoid the crippling costs and inefficiencies of the Stevedoring industry. New Zealand companies have successfully introduced waterfront reforms and productivity has increased. Patrick Stevedoring have been crippled under pressure of the Maritime Union and rumours are ride about sacking of employees of the company. It appears that the Federal Government are support the NFF. The Australian this week reported News of the behind-the-scenes manoeuvrings came yesterday as John Howard hailed farmers attempts to set up a non-union Stevedoring operation as a great defining moment in history. The Queensland State Premier Mr Rob Borbidge also has support the NFF and invited them to establish a non-union dock in Brisbane. We hope to be able to expedite their inv olvement in more open competition in terms of the port of Brisbane and their may be other ways that the Government can assist Following the lead of Britain from where many of the original settlers came, workers in various occupations banded together to form unions. Ship writers, boat builders, tailors, bakers and carpenters were among the first craft unions form in Australia before 1848. By forming an association workers could obtain better wages and working conditions. However the employers wanted the highest profit margins so wished to keep wages low and spend little money on the working environment. The law of supply and demand in the labour market often determined which group was dominant. A third factor in the balance in Australia was the government. A successful strike by newspaper workers in 1829 for better wages and conditions resulted in the Masters and Servants Act being implemented which discriminated against the workers, who could be gaoled for minor revolts. Early in the colony, skilled labours were in short supply but in the 1840s after active promotion of emigrants by Britain this improved and a depression forced wages down and jobs were lost. With the discovery of gold, prices and wages rose, labour was scare and licenses imposed on miners and the Eureka incident occurred. Bust and boom economic conditions paroled surges recessions for unionism over the next few decades. The industrial union formed in the 1880s as a grouping of workers within an industry and across colonial and the Shearers Union and small bush workers unions became the Australian Workers Union. Unions then looked to represent workers in Governments and the 1890s major strikes were held and the Labour Party was formed. With coming of Federation compulsory arbitration settling of disputes between employer and employee by a third party encouraged unionism, with unions representing the workers. The labour market and demand for goods has been influenced by world wars, depressions and recessions. In the 1980s national reconciliation initiated by the Government, aimed at resolving some of the conflict between workers and employers. Strong leaders among workers of various occupations over the last two centuries, have been gaoled, sometimes killed, starved, abused, seen their families suffer for better working conditions. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, employers knew their workers and felt responsible for them. After the industrial revolution gained momentum they employed more people and lost empathy for their staff. Working conditions were 12 14 hours, without breaks, child labour was employed, accidents were rife and wages were low. Overcrowding in unsanitary conditions resulted in epidemics of disease. Workers were not allowed to vote and the employers were represented in Parliament. .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb , .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .postImageUrl , .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb , .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb:hover , .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb:visited , .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb:active { border:0!important; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb:active , .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf22e203d8eff06c49e0a9b6a14cb3cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Acl Injuries: Who, How, And Why? EssayUnions mobilize the full industrial strength of workers and as history has shown conditions of workers have greatly improved due to unionism. Unions have earned workers minimal wages forty hour working week, an eight hour day, annual leave, long service leave, accident and illness benefits, and workers compensation. Voting rights have assisted better legislation to protect workers which decrease the relevance of unions in todays society. Compulsory unionism has a contention issue as has non secret voting or ballots. Compulsory unionism has been negated to some degree but after employment clauses state that preference will be given to union members. In todays workplace the same worker may be eligible to belong to various unions. Sometimes these unions are in conflict and may vie with each other for members. Some workers feel the benefits do not justify the cost of union membership. Harassment of no union workers can be intimidating even violent, as in the example in Canberra a few years ago when union members trashed property. Pickets to prevent no union workers from fulfilling contracts has been a part of strikes. The use of scab labour has caused violence in strikes and the conflict has disrupted companies and industries. State and Federal governments have been involved in labour reforms and during the last few decades industrial unrest has been lessened as the arbitration and negotiation machinery had become more sophisticated. Fines imposed on unions and more accountability for unrest and strikes on union leadership has tended to moderate demands made by workers. Workplace reform has improved safety conditions for workers and accountability of directors and employers. As the change from external inspectors to duty of care of employers and co-workers increase the role of the unions in improving working conditions tend to decrease. In the 1990s enterprise bargaining is part of the Workplace Reform process. In the past unions were the bodies which were involved in negotiating conditions for workers. Today although the unions have fought to keep that role, many employees are not using unions as they negotiate on their own behalf. This is especially true in smaller workplaces and as unions membership continues to decrease, becoming more important in larger workplaces. The philosophy of a win-win situation compared to the win-loss is in the past as a resolution of conflict also softens the influence of unionism. As the world moves to a global economy, the worldwide influences in the labour market also impacts on Australia. The industry is now going through a massive change on an international scale a change that our Federation can not prevent or slow down. We can resist the change but then we must eventually lose. The argument must therefore be considered on the basis of do we resist change, or do we take from change the maximum that is possible to take, having regard for all of the circumstances,-Maritime Worker 1967 April EditionThe global nature of unionism has also resulted in international campaigns where strong unions in Australia have assisted in the establishment of unions in developing countries and supporting industrial action by unions in other nations. Stevedoring and waterside workers unions are an example of this support. In 1985 Australia, Japan, United States and New Zealand Stevedoring union representatives met together and agreed to form a mutual defence pact. In 1993 the Waterside Workers Federation amalgamated with the Seamans Union of Australia to form the Maritime Union of Australia. , Mr Borbidge is reported as saying in the Courier Mail this week. The paper also reported But it is understood that the Howard Government has begun preparing a waterfront restructuring package to help facilitate redundancy funding and reduce excess labour in the industry. .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 , .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .postImageUrl , .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 , .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8:hover , .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8:visited , .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8:active { border:0!important; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8:active , .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8 .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5294438d3cde33c5fda6cbcd23bbed8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Peripheral and Semi-Peripheral Regions EssayThe Government is advocating workplace reform of the waterfront to enable it to compete in the international arena. At present the lack of productivity and high costs places, Australia at a disadvantage among other nations. The MUA has notified the Industrial Relations Commission of the dispute after Patrick failed to give an undertaking its workforce would not be sacked. The union plans a four day strike at the Port of Brisbane. Many Australians feel that breaking the crippling hold of the MUA would be good for the Australian economy and lead to reform and increased productivity. At a meeting of the full council of the Business Council of Australia, a statement was issued reaffirming its view that radically improved productivity and efficiency in waterfront operations remain one of the major reform challenges facing Australia. The conflict between the MUA and NFF may be long and bitter with many casualties, Patrick among the first, but with the present federal and state governments prepared to become involved. Changes will take place soon. Changes is fundamental to our life and unions have evolved over the last two centuries and will continue to change as global and reform issues rise and ware. Their significance will be determined by their ability to adapt to the needs of workers and society as the workplace changes. History